{"id":39641,"date":"2024-01-26T21:33:17","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T21:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tajadot.com\/?p=39641"},"modified":"2024-01-26T21:34:41","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T21:34:41","slug":"%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%ae%d8%b4-%d8%b4%d8%b4%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%ae%d9%84%db%8c%d9%84%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.tajadot.com\/?p=39641","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \/ \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u00ab\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u067e\u0646\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 (Die armenische Chronik, Sebeos) \u00ab\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633) \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f.\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n

One can say for sure only that he knew the Arabs hat taken the area from the Byzantines and hat heard some tales or rumors of battels. (1)<\/div>\n

\u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u200c\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u062f\u06c0 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0647\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0633) \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f6\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632 (\u06f5\u06f9\u06f0) \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 (pseudo Sebeos )\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0633\u062f\u0647 \u06f7 (\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u2026) \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u00ab\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647: \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0647\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0645 (\u0635) \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00bb<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ettelaat.com\/etiran\/?p=280062<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

The history traditionally attributed to Sebeos thus documents a period of the utmost importance in the history of Iran, and casts light on several facets of its institutions and political culture. The anonymous episcopal author should be lauded by Iranian historians for his decision to place the history of Armenia in a wide geographical setting.<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f: \u00ab\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f7 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u00bb.<\/p>\n

The most fascinating source for events of the early seventh century is an anonymous untitled history of Armenia. (2)<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f1 (\u06f1\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n

that the sole manuscript we have was written at least three centuries after Sebeos wrote , and probably more than that, since it includes as Sebeos\u2019s work a piece by an author who was still writing 1004. if his work could be misattributed to Sebeos, the copyist who made that mistake probably himself lived considerably after the time when this late 10th-early 11th-century author wrote (3).<\/div>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u00ab\u0622\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646\u00bb (R.W. Thomson) \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u2026.\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062f\u0647 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

Later writers do not help us date this history more accurately. It is quoted at length by T\u2019ovma in the early tenth century. But , as noted above, the earlier parallels in Lewond are not verbatim quotations. So the existence of the History in its present from before 900 cannot be external evidence. (4)<\/div>\n

\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06f1\u06f6\u06f7\u06f2 \u0648 \u06f1\u06f5\u06f6\u06f8 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 ( Tadeus Mihrdatean )\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f9\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f8\u06f5\u06f1 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u06f1\u06f6\u06f7\u06f2 \u0648 \u06f1\u06f5\u06f6\u06f8 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 (\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633) \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f6 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f7 (\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633)<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

Mihrdatean divided the text \u2026.. into three sections. The first two sections he ascribed to an \u201aAnonymous \u201a; only the third section did he entitle \u201a History of Sebeos. (5)<\/div>\n

\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06f3\u06f0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc.<\/p>\n

At that time a certain man from among those same son of Ismael whose name was Mahmet, a merchant, as if by God\u2019s command appeared to them as a preacher and the path of truth\u2026.because he was learned and informed in the history of Moses. (6)<\/div>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06af ( Karl \u2013 Heinz Ohlig)\u060c\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06f3\u06f0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0634 (The Book of Genesis) \u0648 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06f3\u06f0 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646 (\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06af \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06f3\u06f0 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a . ( Interpolation )<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc. \u0646\u0648\u0648 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646 ( Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren)\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.:<\/p>\n

Unfortunately the account of Muhammad\u2019s role makes most sense as a later explantion added by a coppist who saw that Sebeos did not know what he was talking about. (7)<\/div>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 30 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 (\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

He ( Mahmet) said:\u2018 With an oath God promised this land to Abraham and his seed after him for ever. (8)<\/div>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06af \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc ( \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062c\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0647\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0633) \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc (\u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633) \u0622\u0646\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f7 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0648\u062f (\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633) \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f7 ( \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0633\u0628\u0626\u0648\u0633).<\/p>\n

Der Hinweis auf den H\u00e4ndler und Prediger Muhammad scheint ein schlagkr\u00e4ftiger Hinweis auf die historische Gestalt des arabischen Muhammad zu sein \u2013 wenn wir denn sicher sein k\u00f6nnen, dass dieser Hinweis tats\u00e4chlich ins 7.Jh. zu datieren w\u00e4re. Davon kann aber bei einem Manuskript aus dem 17.Jh. nicht sicher ausgegangen. (9)<\/div>\n


\n\u0634\u0634
\n\u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (Jakob von Edessa)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (\u06f6\u06f3\u06f3 \u2013 \u06f7\u06f0\u06f8 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc)\u060c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc – \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f: \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u06af\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Christ has delivered us up, because of the many sins and iniquities, and subjected us to the hard yoke of the Arabians (10)<\/div>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f0\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u06f1\u06f1 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647: \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06f7 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Muhammad, the first king of the Arabs, began to reigen, 7 years (11)<\/div>\n

\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631 (\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f.\u00bb<\/p>\n

and Muhammad goes down on commercial business to the lands of Palestine and of the the Arabias and of Phoenicia and of the Tyrians. (12)<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc. \u0646\u0648\u0648 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646 ( Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren) \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u061f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

If Jacob wrote both notices , did he conceive of the first Arab king as a trader? Or did he think he was referring to different Muhammads? (13)<\/div>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u00ab\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f9\u06f0 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06c0 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f7\u06f2\u06f4 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f8 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06f1\u06f0 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u201d. ( \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u06f7 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc).<\/p>\n

Jacob , then, writing in the 690s, … Clearly, however, he dose not equate Muhammad with the Arab Religion – there is no indication that the Muhammad who went down to Syria for trading purposes was an Arab prophet – …d Annum 724, preserved at the end of an 8th-century manusscript, allots muhammad ten years as king. (14)<\/div>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f9\u06f0\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631 (\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

but we have little indication that the Christians were aware of Muhammed\u2019s existence and significance at this time. Given the structure of Jocob\u2019s charts, we cannot tell if the notice was written by Jacob or addet a later date in the free space in the side column. (15)<\/div>\n

\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644-\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u06cc\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a :<\/p>\n

Die Namensnennung f\u00fcr Mohammed schlie\u00dft aber Autorschaft des Jakob von Edessa aus. (16)
\n
\n\u0647\u0641\u062a
\n\u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc (Johannes von Damaskus)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc (John of Damascus) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc (\u06f6\u06f5\u06f0 \u2013 \u06f7\u06f5\u06f0 \u0645.) \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u067e\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u00bb (De Haeresibus) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 730 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a (\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u201c\u00ab\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u00bb \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f1 \u0627\u0633\u062a). \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u00bb Her\u00e4sie \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u06c0 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f). \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0646. \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f7\u06f3\u06f0 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201d \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u201d \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f: \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00bb<\/p>\n

So until the times of Heraclius they were plain idolaters. From that time till now a false prophet appeared among them, surnamed Muhammad (Mamed), who, having happened upon the Old and the New Testament and apparently having conversed, in like manner, with an Arian monk, put together his own heresy. And after ingratiating himself with the people by a pretence of piety, he spread rumours of a scripture (graphe) brought down to him from heaven. (17)<\/div>\n

\u06cc\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647 (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06f2\u060c \u06f4 \u0648 \u06f5) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

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My cautious conclusion is that while it makes perfect sense to emphasize the epithetical meaning of the term Muhammad in the Dome of the rock one should not be surprised that its transformation into the name of a post-Jesus Arab prophet materialized so quickly. The fact that we can read the epithet as a name \u2013 although only once \u2013 already in 691\/692 makes it easier to understand that, in the 740s, there was an emergent Islam, complete with Qur\u2019anic exegesis and the beginnings of a Muhammadan prophetic Sunna. (18)<\/div>\n

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Zudem verblasste offensichtlich die Verbindung des muhammad(un) – Motivs mit Jesus seit dem 8. Jahrhundert immer mehr. Stattdessen r\u00fcckten die Ehrentitel \u201e Prophet\u201c und \u201eApostel\u201c …. Nachvollziehbar ist daher, dass Johannes das muhammad(un)-Motiv als Eigennamen missverstanden haben k\u00f6nnte und daher ungenau von Ma(ch)med als einer konkreten Person schrieb. (19)<\/div>\n

***
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\u0646\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 (\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f) \u0642\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0631\u06af \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0650 (\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d) \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014
\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/p>\n

\n

1 – Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren, Crossroad to Islam. The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State. N.Y. 2003, P. 127
\n2 – Robert G. Hoyland, Seeing Islam as others saw it, Princeton, 1997, P. 124
\n3 – Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren, P. 230
\n4 – R. W.Thomson ,The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos , Liverpool University Press, 1999, P. xxxi
\n5 – R. W.Thomson , P. xxxi
\n6 – R. W. Thomson, P. 95
\n7 – Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren,P. 230
\n8 – R. W. Thomson, P. 96
\n9 – Kurt Bangert, Muhammad, Eine historisch-kritische Studie zur Entstehung des Islam und seines Propheten, Springer, 2016, P. 713
\n10 – Mar Jacob ( Bisshop of Edessa): Scholia on Passages on the Old Testament, now first edited in the original Syriac, with an English translation and Notes by George Phillips,London 1864, P.42
\n11 – Robert G. Hoyland, Seeing Islam as others saw it, Princeton, 1997, P. 38
\n12 – Robert G. Hoyland, P. 39
\n13 – Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren, Crossroad to Islam. The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State. N.Y. 2003, P. 131
\n14 -Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren, P. 130
\n15 – Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren, P. 131
\n16 – Karl – Heinz Ohlig, Der fr\u00fche Islam, Berlin 2007, P. 259
\n17 – Robert G. Hoyland, Seeing Islam as others saw it, Princeton, 1997, P. 486
\n18 \u2013 Peter von Sivers, Christology and Prophetology in the Umayyad Arab Empire, Markus Gross, Karl \u2013 Heinz Ohlig ( Hg ): Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion III, Berlin\/t\u00fcbingen 2014, P. 260
\n19- Andreas Goetze, Die Religion f\u00e4llt nicht vom Himmel, P. 311<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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